液压挖掘机工作环境十分恶劣，尤其对于液压挖掘机，由于其冷却风道空间有限，很容易造成发动机冷却水温过高的现象，从而导致挖掘机工作效率以及使用寿命的降低。目前挖掘机厂家对于发动机冷却系统的设计主要通过经验和反复试验来完成，这一方面延长了设计的周期，同时也增加了试验的强度。本文针对液压挖掘机发动机冷却系统设计过程中存在的共性问题，介绍目前常用的散热器型式，揭示间壁式散热器的传热机理。其次，建立管带式散热器散热特性数学模型，分析散热器传热系数、冷却水温度、散热量、风阻、水阻以及功耗等性能参数与散热器尺寸及流体流速之间的关系。对铝水箱和铜水箱的热平衡进行试验测试，结果表明，铜水箱散热性能较好。%Hydraulic excavator working environment is very bad, especially for hydraulic excavator, due to its limited space of cooling air duct, it is easy to cause the phenomenon of high temperature of engine cooling water, resulting in the reduction of work efficiency and service life of the excavator. Currently, the excavator manufacturers design the engine cooling system mainly through experience and trial and error, which extends the cycle of design, and also increases the strength of the test. Based on the common problems existing in the design process of hydraulic excavator engine cooling system, this paper introduces the type of radiator, reveals the recuperative heat transfer mechanism of the radiator. Secondly, belt type radiator thermal characteristics mathematical model is established, and analyzes the relationship among the performance parameters of the radiator heat transfer coefficient, cooling water temperature, heat release, wind resistance, water resistance and power consumption, the size of radiator and the velocity of flow. The heat balance of aluminum and copper water tank is tested, and the results showed that the cooling performance of the copper water tank is better.
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