浅层地温能利用中的环境影响初探

摘要

As a kind of green resource, shallow geothermal energy could reduce pollutant emissions and the environment pressure could be eased to a certain degree. However, its negative influences usually tend to be ignored. Taking groundwater source heat pump system and ground pipe heat pump system as the focus, environmental issues caused by unreasonable utilization were systematically reviewed in this paper. Inlfuences of the heat pump system on underground power ifeld, temperature ifeld, chemical and microbiological environment were also analyzed. In order to restrain the negative inlfuences caused by heat pump system operation, restrictive indicators and relevant regulations should be consummated urgently. By summarizing international environment-related restrictive indicators (technical indicators and ecological indicators) creatively and contrasting domestic standards in different regions, deifciencies of indicators establishment such as single standard, weak legally binding and unobvious regional difference in shallow geothermal energy utilization were proposed in this paper. In order to control and mitigate the negative inlfuences of shallow geothermal energy, the supporting monitoring system construction should be strengthened.%浅层地温能属于环境友好型能源，能在一定程度上减少污染物的排放，缓解环境压力。然而，其可能产生的环境负影响常常被人们忽略。本文以地下水地源热泵（GWHP）系统和地埋管地源热泵（GSHP）系统为重点，系统梳理了浅层地温能在不合理利用时，可能引发的环境问题。分析了热泵系统对地下动力场、温度场、化学场及微生物环境等的影响。为抑制热泵系统运行中产生的环境负影响，迫切需要对相关限制性指标及法律法规进行完善。本文总结了国外与环境有关的限制性指标（技术性指标和生态学指标），对比了国内不同地区的标准，提出我国在浅层地温能利用上，尚存在指标建立标准相对单一、法律约束力较弱、区域差异性不明显等不足之处，需加强配套监测系统建设，控制并减少环境负效应的产生。