双台河口自然保护区滨海湿地的维管束植物区系特征

摘要

The vegetations of coastal wetlands in Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve in Liaoning Province are formed by 155 species of vascular plants which belong to 56 families and 117 genera,among which there are 9 most important big families with 5 or more than 5 species,such as Rosaceae,Compositae,Gremineae,Polygonaceae,Leguminosae,Labiatae,Typhaceae,Potamogetonacece and Cyperacea.The 9 families have 51 genera and 76 species,which occupy 43.59% of the total genera and 49.03% of the total species.There are many little families and genera with single species,which show the flora is highly differentiated in family and genera level.There are 15 halophtes,25 hydrophtes,34 amphiphytes,79 mesophytes and 4 zerophytes in the flora.The constructive species and dominant species of the vegetations of coastal wetlands in Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve are all halophtes,hydrophtes or amphiphytes,which reflect the influnce of the sea water,soil salinization and runoff of rivers on the formation of the vegetations.There are 72 species of hemicryptophytes and cryptophytes,which occupy 46.45% of the total species of the flora,and which reflect the function of cool and wet climate on the vegetations＇ formation.There are 31 genera of widespread type,which reflect the intrazonality of the vegetations.There are 57 genera of temperate-areal type and 23 genera of tropic-areal type,which occupy 48.72% and 19.66% of the total genera each and reflect the vegetations＇ trazonality of the influence of marine climate with high temperature in winter and much rain on the vegetations of the coastal wetlands respectively.%辽宁双台河口自然保护区滨海湿地维管束植物区系中有56科117属155种维管束植物,有蔷薇科、菊科、禾本科、蓼科、豆科、唇形科、香蒲科、眼子菜科、莎草科等9大科51属76种,9大科的属数、种数占区系总属数和总种数的43.59%、49.03%;区系内小科、单种属多,说明科、属的分化程度较高。区系中有15种盐生植物、25种水生植物、34种湿生植物、79种中生植物和4种旱生植物,湿地植被的优势种和建群种均为盐生植物、水生植物和湿生植物,这表明保护区内滨海湿地植被的形成不仅受海水、土壤盐渍化影响,更受辽河径流淡水的影响。区系中有地面芽植物、地下芽植物72种,占总种数的46.45%,说明冷湿气候对保护区内滨海湿地植被的形成有重要作用。区系中有世界分布属31属,占区系总属数的26.50%,这反映了湿地植被的隐域性;有温带分布属57属、热带分布属23属,分别占区系总属数的48.72%、19.66%,这分别表明保护区滨海湿地植被具有一定的地带性特征,雨量充沛、冬季气温较高的海洋性气候特征对湿地中起源于热带的维管束植物生存限制较小。