从拉乌尔定律和亨利定律看恒沸溶液

摘要

气液平衡是理论教学和实际生产中的重要内容.本文从微观本质讨论理论教学中的拉乌尔定律和亨利定律以及实际生产中的恒沸溶液之间的关系和区别.溶剂-溶剂、溶剂-溶质和溶质-溶质之间相互作用的不同导致两个定律仅适用于稀溶液.这些相互作用通过物质的量分数调节溶剂和溶质的表观蒸气压,当二者的表观蒸气压相等时,则产生了恒沸溶液.%Gas-liquid equilibrium is important in classroom teaching and practical production. In this paper, the relationship and difference among Raoult's Law, Henry's Law, and azeotropic solution are discussed from the point of microscopic view. The different interactions between solvent-solvent, solvent-solute, and solute-solute lead to that the two laws are only useful for dilute solution. When the apparent vapor pressure of the solvent and solute are equal to each other by tuning their mole fraction, the azeotropic solution is produced.