利益博弈与学校变革：1906-1917年美国工业教育运动

摘要

长期以来，美国工业教育运动一直未受国内教育学术界的关注，由此不仅造成对运动本身的曲解，也不利于对20世纪前期美国公共教育史的整体把握。本文在较为充分地占有相关文献史料的基础上，从全国工业教育促进会活动的视角，叙述工业教育运动的历史进程，梳理围绕工业教育所展开的争论，分析其对美国公共学校教育变革的影响。工业教育运动既是美国公共教育回应工业化挑战的重大举措，更是工商业界与教育界和劳工界利益博弈的巨大胜利。通过推进工业教育在公共学校的实施，工商业界成功地使自身的价值观深深地嵌入到公共教育，极大地改变了美国公共学校的目标和职能，从根本上扭转了美国公共教育的发展方向。%The Industrial Education Movement in the United States (1906-1917)has long been neg-lected by Chinese academia,which makes it hard to understand the movement and the early 20th centu-ry American public education in general.Based on ample materials and from the perspective of the Na-tional Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education,this paper aims to present the historical process of the Industrial Education Movement,combing through the debates on industrial education within the movement,as well as analyzing its influences on American public school transformation.It is held that the Industrial Education Movement is not only an important measure taken by American public education,but also a big victory achieved by industrialists and commercialists in competing with labor men and educationalists.Through conducting industrial education in public schools,industrialists and commercialists successfully instilled their values into public education,changed the purpose and function of public schools,and then profoundly transferred the direction of American public education.