长链非编码 RNA 在癌症诊断中的应用

摘要

人类基因组中蛋白质非编码基因占大多数，这些非编码基因与癌症的发生、发展有密切联系。非编码基因转录形成的 RNA 称作非编码 RNA。其中的长链非编码 RNA（long non-coding RNA，lncRNA）具有重要的基因调控功能并由此受到重视。由于部分 lncRNA 在各类型的癌症中表达异常，因此可以作为癌症的标志物用以诊断癌症。本文对 lncRNA 的分类、基因调控机制以及在癌症中的作用进行介绍，并对现有的以及部分潜在的癌症标志物lncRNA进行详细阐述。随着基因测序技术及微阵列技术的发展，更多的 lncRNA 会被发现并且能够成为重要的诊断肿瘤的标志物。%[Large numbers of the genomic transcripts do not encode proteins but play critical role in development and progress of cancer.Those non-coding transcripts are called non-coding RNA.Among the non-coding RNA, the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are increasingly recog-nized as participators of gene regulation.Parts of the lncRNA are found to be dysregulated in cancer and believed to be potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis .In this paper, the classification, regu-lation mechanisms and biological functions of the lncRNA are introduced.Besides, some existing and potential biomarker lncRNA are also elaborated here.More lncRNA will be investigated and be-come the significant biomarkers for cancer diagnosis with the advancement of gene sequence and mi-croarray technologies.