Platinum nanoparticles supported on carbons (Pt/C, 60%, mass fraction) electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) were prepared by citrate-stabilized method with different reductants and carbon supports. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). It is found that the size of Pt nanoparticles on carbon is controllable by citrate addition and reductant optimization, and the form of carbon support has a great influence on electrocatalytic activity of catalysts. The citrate-stabilized Pt nanoparticles supported on BP2000 carbon, which was reduced by formaldehyde, exhibit the best performance with about 2 nm in diameter and 66.46 m2/g (Pt) in electrocatalytic active surface (EAS) area. Test on single DMFC with 60% (mass fraction) Pt/BP2000 as cathode electrocatalyst showed maximum power density at 78.8 mW/cm2.%采用不同还原剂和碳载体,通过柠檬酸盐稳定法制备直接甲醇燃料电池用担载量为60%的Pt/C催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)和循环伏安(CV)等手段对催化剂进行表征.结果表明:柠檬酸盐加入和还原剂优化可以很好地控制铂纳米颗粒的粒径,而碳载体的选择对催化剂的电催化活性有很大影响.在采用柠檬酸钠做稳定剂、甲醛做还原剂、BP2000碳粉做载体的条件下,制备的60% Pt/BP2000催化剂性能最佳,平均粒径约2 nm,电化学活性面积为66.46 m2/g.使用该材料作为阴极催化剂的直接甲醇燃料电池单电池最大功率密度可达到78.8 mW/cm2.
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