搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数对AA6061-B4C焊接接头抗拉强度的影响

摘要

搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)是一种固态连接技术,可用来连接高强度铝合金及多种陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料(MMCs).搅拌摩擦焊获得的陶瓷增强金属基复合材料焊缝优良,在增强体与基体间没有发生有害反应.对搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数对AA6061-B4C焊接接头抗拉强度的影响进行研究.采用4因素5水平的中心复合设计来控制实验的次数.构建一数学模型来分析搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对接头抗拉强度的影响.结果表明,在旋转速度1000r/min、焊接速度1.3 mm/s、轴向力10kN、增强相含量12％的条件下,搅拌摩擦焊得到的焊接接头的抗拉强度最大.根据构建的模型采用广义简约梯度算法进行优化以得到最大的抗拉强度.金相分析表明,在焊接接头中出现了多种区域,如焊合区、热力影响区和热影响区.在焊合区观察到大量的被细化的铝基体晶粒以及粒径明显减小的B4C颗粒.在热力影响区出现塑性变形、热影响和被拉长的铝晶粒.%Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining technique developed to join high strength aluminum alloys and various ceramic reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs).FSW produces sound welds in MMCs without any deleterious reaction between reinforcement and matrix.The present work focused on the effect of FSW parameters on the tensile strength of Al-B4C composite joints.The central composite design of four factors and five levels was used to control the number of experiments.A mathematical model was developed to analyze the influence of FSW parameters.The results indicated that the joint fabricated using rotational speed of 1000 r/min,welding speed of 1.3 mm/s,axial force of 10 kN and the reinforcement of 12％ showed larger tensile strength compared with the other joints.The developed model was optimized to maximize the tensile strength using generalized reduced gradient method.The metallographic analysis of the joints showed the presence of various zones such as weld nugget (WN)zone,thermo mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ).The substantial grain refinement of aluminum matrix as well as significant size reduction of B4C particles was observed in the weld nugget.TMAZ was plastically deformed,thermally affected and exhibited elongated aluminum grains.