露天台阶面下伏空区顶板的爆破崩落处理

摘要

A laser technique based scanning system was employed to make a comprehensive scanning through borehole for unmapped cavity under open pit bench, then the three-dimensional data will be obtained, and these data were used for theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to analyze the stability of cap rock. Acoustic emission techniques were also adopted to carry out long term real time rupture monitoring in cap rock. Therefore, a complete safety evaluation system for the cap rock was established to ensure safe operation of subsequent blasting processes. The ideal way of eliminating collapse hazard of such cavity is cap rock caving through deep-hole blasting, thus, two deep-hole blasting schemes named as vertical deep-hole blasting scheme and one-time raise driving integrated with deep-hole bench blasting scheme were proposed. The vertical deep-hole blasting scheme has more explosive consumption, but the relatively simple blasting net work structure can greatly reduce workloads. However, the one-time raise driving integrated with deep-hole bench blasting scheme can obviously reduce explosive consumption, but the higher technical requirements on drilling, explosive charging and blasting network will increase workloads.%基于激光三维扫描技术构建空区三维实体模型,运用理论分析和数值模拟的方法对空区上覆岩层的稳定性进行分析;采用声发射技术对空区上覆岩层进行跟踪监测,形成空区上覆岩层安全性的评价体系.同时,提出了运用垂直深孔爆破消空处理和一次成井及深孔爆破消空一体化处理两种空区处理方案,将两种方案进行对比分析后发现,垂直深孔爆破消空处理方案炸药单耗和总装药量较大,但其爆破网络结构简单,现场作业量小.而一次成井及深孔爆破消空一体化处理方案炸药单耗和总装药量小,但对钻孔精度、装药及爆破网络连接等都有较高的要求,现场作业量大.