叶片调节式水田侧深施肥装置设计与试验

摘要

In order to improve the fertilization quality of deep fertilization for paddy field,an adjustable blades side deep fertilizing device for paddy field was designed.Structure parameters of fertilizer rate adjusting mechanism were optimized by using optimization software V1.0,which was developed for fertilizer rate adjusting mechanism of side deep fertilizing device for paddy field.The stress analysis was carried out for fertilizer rate adjusting mechanism,through which the output torque of stepper motor was determined greater than 680 N · mm.Simulation model was established for adjustable blades side deep fertilizing device,and virtual experiment of distributing fertilizer was carried out by using discrete element EDEM software to analyze the acting force of fertilizer particle on spiral steel wire and hairbrush,therefore,the output torque of the direct current motor of fertilizer cases and anti-blocking device was determined greater than 5 345 N· mm and 8 N· mm,respectively.Fertilization performance of groove wheel type and adjustable blade type side deep fertilizing device for paddy field were studied on JPS-12 type discharging seed performance detection test bench,through which the influence laws of the rotation speed and forward velocity of the groove wheel type side deep fertilizing device on fertilizer stability and uniformity were obtained,the influence laws of the opening diameter and the forward speed of adjustable blade type side deep fertilizing device for paddy field on fertilizer stability and uniformity were obtained.The test results showed that fertilizer stability and uniformity indexes of adjustable blade type side deep fertilizer device for paddy field can meet national standard requirements,the quality of fertilization was superior to that of groove wheel type side deep fertilizing device,and the fertilization ability can meet agronomic requirements.%为提高水田深施肥的施肥质量,设计了一种叶片调节式水田侧深施肥装置.应用水田侧深施肥肥量调节装置计算机优化软件V1.0优化求解施肥量调节机构结构参数,通过施肥量调节机构受力分析,确定步进电动机的输出扭矩应大于680 N· mm.建立叶片调节式侧深施肥装置仿真模型,应用离散元EDEM软件进行排肥虚拟试验,分析螺旋钢丝和毛刷在工作时受到肥料颗粒的作用力,从而确定肥箱直流电动机和防堵装置直流电动机的输出扭矩应分别大于5 345 N·mm和8 N·mm.通过JPS-12型排种性能检测试验台对槽轮式和叶片调节式水田侧深施肥装置进行施肥性能研究,获得了槽轮式水田侧深施肥装置的槽轮转速和前进速度对施肥稳定性和均匀性影响规律,以及叶片调节式水田侧深施肥装置的开口直径和前进速度对施肥稳定性和均匀性影响规律.对比试验结果表明:叶片调节式水田侧深施肥装置施肥稳定性和施肥均匀性指标满足国家标准要求,在施肥质量上优于槽轮式水田侧深施肥装置,施肥能力满足农艺要求.