平原区耕作单元地块细碎化对小麦机收效率的影响分析

摘要

平原区耕作单元地块细碎化是影响小麦机收效率的重要因素.以河北省定州市韩家庄村为例,从分析平原区耕作单元地块的细碎化特征入手,定量评估了地块面积对小麦机收效率的影响程度,在此基础上分析了耕作单元地块合并后小麦机收效率的提升状况.研究发现:平原区耕地以权属细碎化为主,耕作单元地块面积小且分散,地块总体狭长,目前不适合大型农机作业;小麦机收效率受耕地面积影响较大,小麦机收的总作业效率、纯作业效率均随着耕地面积的增加而增加,总作业效率理论上可以达到0.430 1 s/m2,纯作业效率理论上可以达到0.304 9 s/m2;平原区开展土地整治时,建议切实推行耕作单元地块权属调整及耕地流转,使耕地连片面积达到一定规模,可以明显提高小麦机收效率.%In the plain area,the fragmentation of the cultivated land unit is an important factor affecting the mechanical harvesting efficiency of wheat.Taking Dingzhou City in Hebei Province as an example,the fragmentation characteristics of cultivated land unit and the quantitative evaluation of mechanical harvesting efficiency of wheat were analyzed,and then the scenario mechanical harvesting efficiency of cultivated land unit after land merger was analyzed.It was found that the cultivated land unit in plain area was small and scattered,the plot was long and narrow,the ratio of length to width range was relatively large,which was not suitable for large-scale agricultural development work.The mechanical harvesting efficiency of cultivated land area affected the total work efficiency and work efficiency was increased with the increase of areas of arable land and land consolidation,the total operating efficiency can reach 0.430 1 s/m2 in theory,and the efficiency can reach 0.304 9 s/m2.When the cultivation unit of land area reached 8 500 m2,the mechanical harvesting efficiency of wheat would get into full play.The total operation time and pure working time would be reduced by 38.64％ and 43.11％ after parcel union,respectively.The plain area should be carried out cultivation unit of land ownership adjustment and land circulation on a large scale,the contiguous area of cultivated land reached a certain scale,which can effectively improve the mechanical harvesting efficiency of wheat,and reduce the unloading time and other time.The research can provide theoretical support for land consolidation in plain area.