The microstructure of the elytron of four species beetles, Protaetia orentalis, Copris ochus, Anoplophora chinensis and Cytister bengalensis, were examined with SEM. The biomimetic schematic models were established based on the analysis results. The results showed that the elytron is composed of laminated composite materials and the structures of their fibers or fiber bundles have varied types, including T type structure, the branch fiber structure, the laminated structure, the helicoidal structure, the hole structure and the reticular structure. The laminated structure is importantin the microstructures of the elytron. There are many types of fiber reinforced composite boards based on the different structures of biological composite materials. The structural feature of the insect elytron materials can provide some biomimetic models for the structural design of the biomimetic composite materials with light weight and high strength including the laminated composites and the fiber reinforced composites.%研究动物鞘翅的内部结构,为复合材料的结构设计提供设计依据,以东方白点花金龟(Protaetia orentalis)、臭蜣螂(Copris ochus)、星天牛(Anoplophora chinensis)和黄缘真龙虱(Cytister bengalensis)为研究对象,利用扫描电子显微镜对鞘翅断面进行了分析,并结合四种昆虫的生活环境,对观察到的鞘翅材料结构进行了分析和总结:针对鞘翅材料的结构特点,概括和总结了纤维模型和层状复合材料模型.研究结果表明:四种昆虫的鞘翅均由层状复合材料组成,在鞘翅内部发现的纤维(束)的形态略有区别.在花金龟鞘翅的纤维(束)形态有T型结构、正交叠层结构和分叉纤维结构；臭蜣螂鞘翅的纤维(束)形态有网状结构、块状凸起结构和刺状纤维结构；星天牛鞘翅的纤维(束)形态有空腔结构、螺旋结构、孔洞结构和刺状结构:龙虱鞘翅的纤维(束)形态有空腔和孔洞结构.这些天然生物纤维结构形式为轻质仿生复合材料的结构设计提供了可供学习和效仿的生物模型；基于四种昆虫鞘翅的内部结构分析,总结了常用的几种纤维模型,即分叉纤维模型和螺旋纤维模型,并对两种模型进行了模型示意,几种结构模型为复合材料特别是层状复合材料和纤维增强复合材料的仿生结构设计提供了依据.
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