玉米免耕播种机滚筒式防堵机构的设计与试验

摘要

A rotary drum-type anti-blocking mechanism was designed to solve the problem of straw blocking when no-till planter for maize was used in wheat residue or weed-covered fields. Based on the theory of boundary layer in fluid mechanics and contrast test, the appropriate shape of the drum was parabola appearance. And the reasonable velocity of rotation of the drum was calculated as simplifying the relative motion of the drum and straw into circulative streaming of cylinder with uniform flow. Field experiments showed that the rotary drum-type anti-blocking mechanism was effective in solving straw blocking and ensuring the passing ability of the no-till planter for maize. In order to avoid seeds being placed out of seedbed, a residue separating device with 30°aperture angle was designed to set between fertilizer openers and seeding openers.%针对中国一年两熟地区麦茬地免耕播种玉米时小麦秸秆和杂草等易对播种机开沟器形成堵塞的问题,该文设计了一种驱动滚筒式主动防堵机构.依据流体力学边界层理论并结合对比试验分析得出滚筒的适合形状为抛物线型,将滚筒与秸秆的相对运动简化为均匀流对圆柱体的有环量绕流,得出滚筒的适宜转速.田间试验表明,驱动滚筒式防堵机构能有效防止秸秆杂草等对开沟器的堵塞,有较好的工作效果.在施肥开沟器与播种开沟器之间设置了张角为30°的分禾栅板,避免秸秆杂草等重新落入种沟而造成种子播在地表形成晾种.