In order to meet the feeding needs of industrialization aquaculture system, an automatic feeding system was designed and developed applying the monorail technique, the slide rail power supply technique, the ultrasonic positioning technique, the wireless communication technique and the computer software technique. The system was composed of a running system, a power supply system, a feeding equipment and a control system. The feeding system with the function of auto detecting and error alarm could be automatic start and stop, weigh feeding amount and record system operation and feeding data automatically. The running system was mainly composed of a monorail likes a raceway made by H-shape steel, an electric pulley block and an ultrasonic positioning sensor. The four T forging steel rail wheels of the electric pulley block ran on the lower wing plate of H-shape steel. One reflecting plate (80 mm×150 mm) was installed on the monorail corresponded to each rearing tank. The number of each rearing tank was identified by the different distance between each reflecting plate and ultrasonic sensor moving with the electric pulley block. The feeding device comprised a hopper, stepper motor, a gate and four weighing sensors. Four sensors hung up the hopper to the electric pulley block and weighed the mount of the hopper. Opening and closing of the gate was controlled by the changes of the hopper weight. The design calculation showed that when using HW100×100 steel monorail, with the diameter of 0.06 m T forging steel rail wheels, gear ratio 20:1 gear transmission group and 24 V DC motor to drive the system to moving on the monorail, the motor power must be more than 0.2 kW, speed was 2 000 r/min, output torque requirements must be over 0.58 N·m. The automatic feeding system prototype was designed by Solidworks, and the prototype was tested for the feeding amount accuracy and positioning deviation. The experiments showed that the feeding system was reliable and accurate for feeding with travelling speed 19 m/min, positioning accuracy was in the range of 58-118 mm, bullet storage capacity was 20 kg, feeding capacity was 3 kg/min and feeding accuracy was in the range of 0.5%-2.2%. The system effectively improves the feeding accuracy, reduces the feed waste, abates the labor intensity, and meets the needs of industrialization aquaculture system at the direction of the mechanization and automation. Future improvement will include a smoother monorail without seams and speeding the response of the electrical components to improve the accuracy of feeding and positioning. The results of this research provide a reference for the automatic feeding system design and the related follow-up research.% 为了提高室内工厂化水产养殖自动投饲系统定时、定量精度,并减少养殖过程中的饲料浪费,降低劳动强度,运用轨道传动、滑轨供电、超声波定位、无线通讯和计算机软件等技术开发了新型轨道式自动投饲系统.计算分析得,当选用 HW100×100型钢制作轨道,以直径为0.06 m 的 T 型锻钢轨道轮、减速比为20∶1的2级传动齿轮组和24 V 直流电机驱动系统行走时,电机功率需0.2 kW 以上,转速为2000 r/min,输出扭矩要求0.58 N·m以上.应用 Solidworks 软件设计了轨道式自动投饲系统样机,并进行了投饲量精度和定位误差性能测试试验,结果表明：该系统可以顺利完成自动启停与运行控制,其行走速度达到19 m/min,定位误差在58~118 mm 范围内,料仓储料量20 kg,投饲能力3 kg/min,投饲量误差在0.5%~2.2%范围内.研究结果可为轨道式自动投饲系统设计与后续研究提供参考.
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