磷酸二氢钙与生物质共热解提高生物炭固碳效果

摘要

Turning biomass wastes into biochar under low temperature and limited oxygen conditions has recently proven as a promising approach for long term carbon sequestration. In order to reveal the effects of mineral addition which is a pretreatment of biochar production on carbon retention and stability of biochar and provide an creative idea for further improvement of carbon sequestration potential by turning biomass into biochar. Calcium dihydrogen phosphate using as a typical mineral was added to sawdust and dairy manure feedstock at the ratio of 20% for biochar formation through co-pyrolysis treatment under lab condition, a typical slow pyrolysis process, heated in a Muffle Furnace at a speed of approximately 20℃/min under limited oxygen and held at 200 to 500℃ with every other 100℃ for 1 h. Moreover, two reliable methods were applied to test biochar stability: One was a simulated long-term stability method using chemical oxidation treatment to assess the labile fraction of C in biochar samples after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation, this method was to determine the chemical stability of biochar; The other was simulated mineralization experiment to test the biochar's microbe-resistance stability, this method was to evaluate the biological stability of biochar in terms of microbial mineralization rate under simulated soil microbial conditions in a lab-scale experiment. The carbon retention was defined as the proportion of the original carbon, which was from plant photosynthesis by sequestrating the CO2 from atmosphere in feedstock, retained in the biochar after the pyrolysis. Compared with the original biochar, modified biochar produced with calcium dihydrogen phosphate addition to sawdust and dairy manure were increased by 31.3% and 26.1%, respectively; With H2O2 oxidation, the carbon loss of modified biochar produced with calcium dihydrogen phosphate addition to sawdust was reduced by 93.1%, compared with its unmodified biochar. However, the carbon loss of the dairy manure modified biochar was increased nearly 9 times, compared with the unmodified biochar. The cumulative CO2 emission during 60-d aerobic incubation were 1.77 mg/g for sawdust modified biochar and 5.00 mg/g for dairy manure modified biochar, which were decreased by 90.3% and 72.8% compared with their unmodified biochar, respectively. Our results indicated that calcium dihydrogen phosphate was effective in increasing carbon retention and strengthening biochar stabilization, which provided a novel idea for exploring and producing the designated biochar with high carbon sequestration capacity and stability.%以木屑和牛粪为生物质原材料,通过添加磷酸二氢钙与生物质原材料共同热解制备生物炭,研究其对生物炭形成过程中碳保留量及稳定性的研究,以期为提高生物炭的固C能力提供新思路,为全面了解生物炭固碳减排效果提供理论参考.结果表明,与不添加磷酸二氢钙制备的生物炭相比,添加磷酸二氢钙制备的木屑和牛粪生物炭碳保留量则分别提高了31.3%和26.1%.尽管与不添加磷酸二氢钙制备的生物炭相比,添加磷酸二氢钙制备的牛粪生物炭被过氧化氢氧化损失C的量增加了8.8倍,但添加磷酸二氢钙制备的木屑生物炭被过氧化氢氧化损失C的量减少了93.1%.此外,添加磷酸二氢钙制备的木屑和牛粪生物炭还降低了其微生物好氧矿化损失C的量,降幅分别为90.3%和72.8%.可见,通过添加磷酸二氢钙对生物质原材料进行共热解,达到了对生物炭进行以固"C"为目的的设计效果,并且效果取决于生物炭原材料的类型.