平养蛋鸭种蛋智能收集和标记系统设计与试验

摘要

Floor rearing natural mating technique can fully make use of the biological characteristics and animal instincts, in order to exert the genetic advantages and improve the quality of duck eggs. At present, only the pedigree breeding method, rather than the individual breeding method, can be used for floor rearing ducks. The reason is that under the floor rearing condition laying ducks has a large area to move around, and the time of laying duck egg concentrates between 1:00-3:00 in the morning, which makes it extremely difficult to track, identify and record individual laying behaviors and to accurately correlate an individual laying duck with its own eggs manually. The shortcoming of the traditional pedigree breeding method lies in complicated process, high intensity work, low accuracy, long intergenerational interval and slow genetic progress. As the performance of laying ducks is evaluated based on the overall family characteristics, it is hard to tell the difference between high yield individuals and low yield individuals, which negatively affects the precision and efficiency of duck selection. Cage breeding is one of the ways to achieve individual breeding, but this method is subject to a limited activity space and sacrifices the animal's welfare needs. Thus, ducks under such conditions cannot properly exert their biological characteristics and instincts, and the genetic advantage is weakened. Floor rearing provides activity space for laying ducks and effective exercises can enhance their physical quality. Therefore, the realization of the individual laying duck breeding method can not only fully exert the individual instincts but also take the amount of egg production as a key indicator to the future generations. A key to apply the individual breeding method is to find an intelligent and non-stress reaction method to accurately identify and label individual ducks and their duck eggs. For the purpose to investigate laying ducks, a new design framework for an intelligent collection and labeling system was proposed, in which the network topology and a logic control algorithm for both upper monitor and lower monitor were given. This system used the radio frequency (RF) technology and photoelectric sensor technology for information integration, which solved the label missing problem due to the same frequency interference when the RF readers were close to one another. In this way, an accurate identification of individual duck egg production behaviors was achieved. The non-contact inkjet printing technology was employed to label the laying duck identification on its egg shell correspondingly, which solved the problem of recording duck eggs correspondingly. Meanwhile, a new duck egg collection device was designed and implemented; it integrated the collection and marking function as a whole. This device consists of three modules, a collection module, a posture adjustment module, and a printing module. The collection module was designed with a Trapezoidal Groove structure and a flexible contact surface, which eliminated the kinetic energy of duck eggs accumulated in the process of accelerating rolling motion. Such design could reduce the duck egg breakage rate to below 1%. The posture adjustment module was designed with a touch-type duck egg guide. The coincidence rate of the long axis of the duck egg and the parallel axis of the conveyor belt is 99.80%, which ensure that the long axis section of the egg shell was used as the printing surface to maintain the integrity of the printed characters to the best extent. The printing module used a continuous inject printer to mark number on the duck egg and the clearly readable qualified rate of the number marked on the duck egg is 98.2%. The application of the intelligent duck egg collection and labeling system in the field of laying duck breeding will greatly reduce the workload and improve the production efficiency, so as to enhance the production performance and economic benefit of the duck breeding industry.%目前平养蛋鸭只能采用家系选育法而不能采用个体选育法,这是因为在平养条件下很难实现蛋鸭与所产蛋的准确对应.蛋鸭家系选育法的主要缺点是复杂,劳动强度大,准确度低,严重影响选种的精度和效率.在平养环境下实现蛋鸭个体选育法的关键在于找到一种智能化无应激的精确识别和标记蛋鸭个体与其所产种蛋的方法.该文以蛋鸭为研究对象,提出了一种新型的平养蛋鸭种蛋智能收集和标记系统设计框架,给出了上位机和下位机的组网拓扑图和逻辑控制算法.该系统采用射频技术和光电传感器技术融合,实现了蛋鸭产蛋个体的准确识别,识别正确率为100%.利用非接触式喷码打印技术将蛋鸭个体编号信息记录在其所产种蛋蛋壳上,解决了蛋鸭个体与所产鸭蛋对应关系的无应激自动记录难题.设计并实现了集种蛋收集和标记于一体的新型集蛋装置.该装置由集蛋区、调整区和喷印区3部分组成.集蛋区采用梯形凹槽结构和EVA海绵弹性触面设计,消除了种蛋在加速滚落过程中积累的动能,种蛋的破损率低于1%.调整区采用滑触式种蛋姿态导向设计,种蛋姿态调整的合格率达到了99.80%,保证了蛋壳长轴截面作为喷印面,使喷印的字符最大程度保持完整性.喷印区采用连续式油墨喷码机完成蛋鸭个体与种蛋对应关系的标记,喷码标识清晰可读合格率为98.2%.该研究可为蛋鸭生产过程中个体产蛋行为分析和种蛋信息的自动收集提供参考.