为降低残膜储运成本,提高机收残膜回收利用率,研究设计了CMJY-1500型农田残膜捡拾打包联合作业机.机具主要由捡拾机构、脱膜机构、打包机构、传动系统、地轮、机架等组成,可同时完成集条残膜的自动捡拾、杂质分离与打包成型作业.根据捡拾机构结构特征与作业原理,建立捡拾机构与物料对象动力学模型,分析获得了核心弹齿最佳空间排布形式与优选安装倾角45°.为降低残膜物料土壤掺杂量,基于残膜与杂质尺寸密度及缠绕特性差异,开发了离心分离与振动分离相结合的多级膜土分离系统,提高了捡拾物料压缩比,减小打包作业压缩阻力.设计了液压驱动式电控打包机构,残膜经打包机构压缩成型,以方包形式卸料,利于装载运输.2015年10月于兵团第六师共青团农场,对残膜捡拾打包机进行了40 hm2实地田间作业性能测试,试验结果表明:机具残膜捡拾净率达92.8％,打包成捆率高于94％,单包成型耗时58 s,残膜捡拾打包联合作业机作业效果良好的、系统稳定,具有较高的应用推广价值.%Plastic film cultivation technology has been used around the world,and it is widely recognized that plastic film cultivation technology can make a valuable contribution to agriculture.Under the principle of maximizing the interests of farmers and factories,plastic film mulch used in field is too thin to be collected completely.Year after year,more and more residual plastic film has been left in the field,which damages the physical and chemical structure of soil and even causes farmland to become uncultivable.Lots of residual plastic film collectors have been designed to address "how to collect" in recent years,however,the problem of "after collecting" is often overlooked.Usually,collected residual film is separated and gathered by manual work,and transported by the simplest container pulled by tractors.It would be buried or burned somewhere.If accumulated residual film is not well handled,it will cause new environmental pollution.So far,there is little study on the transfer facility of collected residual plastic film.In order to reduce the storage and transportation cost,and increase the recovery utilization rate of plastic film collected by machine,the CMJY-1500 type combine machine was developed.It has a mechanical structure composed of film collecting device,film removing device,film balling device,driving system,ground wheel,frame,and so on.According to the structural characteristics and main working principle of the film collection mechanism,the dynamic models of collecting device and film object were established.After model analysis,the optimal space aligning was confined and the best installation inclination was set as 45°.With the aim to reduce the content of soil doping of residual membrane material,based on the difference of density,size and twisting characteristic between the residual plastic film and the impurity,multi-stage membrane separation system with the combination of centrifugal and vibration separation was developed.This system consists of toothed roller,film collection mechanism,film removal rollers,and cover whose contour line adopts an involute design,and it can increase the compression ratio of collecting material and reduce the packaging compression resistance.The hydraulic drive type electronic packaging mechanism was designed,and therefore the plastic film was compressed as square package to upload by 3 sets of cylinders,which was beneficial to load and transport.The field performance test of this plastic film residue bailer was carried out in the Gongqingtuan Farm of Xinjiang Corps in October,2015,and the test area was about 40 hm2.The results showed that the residual film collection rate was 92.8％,the successful rate of packaging was higher than 94％,and the average cycle time of single packing operation was 58 s.The operation effect is good and the system is stable,and this plastic film residue baller has the high application promotion value.This research result has both economic and social benefit.
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