农田地膜污染治理中,由于秋后残膜回收中缺乏较为理想的机构起翻边膜,致使边膜埋于地表不易被回收部件进行回收,对土壤及环境造成一定的污染.为解决这一问题,选取目前较为普遍使用的2种边膜起膜机构开沟器和双翼铲,新设计一种单翼铲,对其进行力学分析,对比3种不同结构的边膜铲受力情况,并且在新疆库尔勒尉犁县开展田间对比试验,对比不同结构的边膜铲在田间的工作性能,考核起出残膜完整率、起膜率及有无壅土现象发生这3个关键因素.结果表明:边膜铲的受力大小与边膜铲入土角度和铲刃的长度有关,对3种边摸铲理论分析得出单翼铲的受力最大,开沟器受力最小,双翼铲受力较为合理,而在田间性能试验中虽然单翼铲受力最大但其作业效果最佳,起出边膜的完整率达100%、起膜率在95.4%、并且在作业中没有壅土现象发生,考虑到作业效果的突出,推荐单翼铲作为秋后残膜回收机的边膜起膜机构.研究结果可为秋后残膜回收机的边膜起膜机构的设计选择提供参考.%In the pollution controlling of the residual plastic films in the farmland, due to the lack of preferable side-film shovel mechanics in autumn plastic film recycling, the side-film can't be recycled by the side-film shovel but be buried under the ground surface. A large amount of residual plastic film into soil due to long-term using film on the crops has caused great serious influence on the high quality of farmland planting, crop growth, the rural ecological environment. The side-film accounted for 16% of the whole plastic film, which would result in the lower recovery rate for plastic film recycling and the recovery rate was generally maintained at about 80%, nearly 20% of the plastic film still remained in the soil, which caused definite pollution to the soil and the environment. Current research on the recovery mechanism is limited to the equipment of plastic film enwinding recycling itself. In order to solve these problems, the more widespread used mechanics for collecting the side-film was chosen such as furrow opener and double wing shovel. Then the mechanical analysis of one wing shovel newly designed was carried out with opener and double wings shovel. The forces of collecting the side-film were compared among three different structural shovels and the field contrast tests were carried out in Yuli county, Korla city in Xinjiang. The working performances of different side-film collecting shovels were compared in the field test. The three key factors were assessed about the integrity rate, film recovery rate and no heap soil phenomenon of residual plastic film. Results showed that the force of the side-film shovel taken was related with the angle into soil and blade length of the side-film shovel during the shovels picking the side-film. According to analyze the force of three types of shovels, we gained the balance equation, the equation involved some kinds of forces, such as the friction along the slant, the normal load along the slant, the shear force of soil internal shear failure, the friction force between the internal soil and the accelerating force of soil movement. Theoretical analysis of three side-film shovels showed that the force of one wing shovel was maximum while the stress of furrow opener device was minimum, the stress of double wing shovel was relatively reasonable. However, the performance effect of the one wing shovel was the best in the field testing although the force of one wing shovel was maximum. The integrity rate of the side-film was reached at 100%, the film recovery rate was at 95.4%, and without obstructing the soil in working performance. Taking the prominent operational effectiveness into account, the one wing shovel was highly recommended as autumn residual side-film recovery machine of the plastic film collecting structure. The research results can be provided a reference for the design of the side-film collecting mechanism section during the whole residual film recovery machine and also provide theory basis for the development of the plastic film recycling machine.
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