储能式有轨电车车地一体化配置模型

摘要

为了实现储能式有轨电车系统的经济运行, 提出一种新型的联合车载储能系统配置和地面充电站容量的优化配置方法.基于车辆运行工况和充电站能量效率, 推导包含储能系统全寿命周期与能量补给的综合成本函数, 结合粒子群算法构建优化配置模型.进而对比现有纯超级电容储能的"站站充"运行模式, 从经济性的角度分析混合储能方案的优势.为了兼顾混合储能系统配置和充电站容量, 采用的模糊控制不仅能合理地分配系统功率, 还能调节超级电容的放电深度.最后, 通过对实际工况进行算例分析, 仿真结果证明了所提优化配置模型的有效性.与纯超级电容方案相比, 混合储能方案在日均综合成本上降低了15.6％, 对充电站容量的需求降低了68％.%To realize the economical operation of energy storage type tramway system, a novel optimal sizing method considering the on-board energy storage and off-board energy supply is proposed.Based on the operating conditions of tramway system and the energy efficiency of charging stations, a synthetic cost function including the whole life-time cost of on-board energy storage system (OESS) and the cost of energy supply is formulated.Combined with the particle swarm optimization (PSO), the optimal sizing model is established.Furthermore, compared with the existing pure ultracapacitor (UC) system charging at every stop mode, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is discussed from the economic point of view.For balancing the size of OESS and the capacity of charging stations, the proposed fuzzy control not only distributes the power, but also regulates the depth of discharge (DOD) of UC system.Finally, by analyzing the actual operation conditions, the calculation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed size optimization.Compared with the pure UC scheme, the synthetic cost reduces 15.6％, and the peak capacity of charging stations decreases 68％.