针对无位置传感器内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)初始位置检测中,传统的基于凸极跟踪的短脉冲电压注入法难以确定脉冲宽度和幅值、实现困难、二次谐波分量法信噪比低的缺点,提出一种基于无滤波器方波信号注入的IPMSM初始位置检测方法.首先通过向观测的转子d轴注入高频方波电压信号,采用无滤波器载波信号分离方法解耦位置误差信息,通过位置跟踪器获取磁极位置初定值;然后基于磁饱和效应,通过施加方向相反的d轴电流偏置给定,比较d轴高频电流响应幅值大小实现磁极极性辨识;最后,通过2.2kW IPMSM矢量控制系统对提出的基于无滤波器方波信号注入的初始位置检测方法进行实验验证.结果表明,所提方法收敛速度较快,可在IPMSM转子静止或自由运行状态实现初始位置辨识和低速可靠运行,位置观测误差最大值为6.9°.%With regard to the initial position detection for position sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) drives, existing saliency-tracking-based methods have difficulties to determine the amplitude and width of the pulses for the short pulses injection method, and also have low signal-noise ratio for the position-dependent secondary-harmonics-based method. Hence, this paper presents a filterless square-wave voltage injection based initial position detection scheme for position sensorless IPMSM drives. A high-frequency square-wave voltage vector is injected in the estimated d-axis, then the position error information is demodulated through filterless carrier signal separation, and the position tracking observer is adopted to obtain the initial position. Based on the magnetic saturation effect, the magnetic polarity can be identified by comparing the amplitudes of the induced d-axis high-frequency current with two given d-axis current offsets which are equal in value but opposite in direction. Experiments on a 2.2kW IPMSM sensorless vector controlled drive have been carried out to verify the proposed scheme. The experimental results show that the initial position detection for standstill and free-running rotor applications as well as the stable operation at low speed range can be guaranteed with a fast convergence speed. The maximum position estimation error is limited within 6.9°.
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