阴、阳极加湿对质子交换膜燃料电池性能影响的差异性

摘要

阴、阳极气体相对湿度是对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)性能影响最为重要的因素.通过建立一个三维直流道质子交换膜燃料电池单体模型,运用数值模拟方法研究了反应气体相对湿度对PEMFC性能的影响及差异性.结果表明,在高操作电压时,燃料电池性能随阴、阳极气体相对湿度的增加而提高;在低操作电压时,燃料电池性能随阴、阳极相对湿度的增加而降低.同时,在高操作电压下,阳极气体加湿程度对电池性能的影响比阴极气体加湿程度对电池性能的影响大,但在低操作电压下,阴极气体加湿程度对电池性能的影响更大.通过对质子交换膜的阴极、阳极侧含水量分布的分析,探讨了阴极、阳极加湿对PEMFC性能影响差异性的原因.研究结果对于燃料电池的水管理具有一定指导意义.%Humidity of cathode and anode reactants is one of the most important factors that affects the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). This paper established a numerical simulation model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with single straight channel, in order to study the influence of reactant humidity on the performance of PEMFC. The results show that, with the increasing of anode and cathode humidity, the fuel cell performance improvesat the high operating voltage, while it decreases at the low operation voltage. At the same time, the effectsof anode gas humidity on cell performance are larger at the high operation voltage, whereasthe effects of cathode gas humidity are greater at the low operation voltage. Distributions of the membrane water content at anode side and cathode side are analyzed. The reasons about different impactsof the cathod humidity and anodehumidityon PEMFC performance are discussed. The results provide a refernce for the water management of fuel cells.