本研究建立了川渝地区地基GPS（global positioning system,全球定位系统）遥感水汽的本地化计算模型,开发出GPS遥感水汽的计算软件包,开展了局域地基GPS观测网遥感大气水汽的试验及业务应用,反演出30 min间隔的高时间分辨率GPS可降水量序列。评估了反演精度,研究了GPS水汽产品在气象业务应用的可行性。研发了可搭建在MICAPS（meteorological information comprehensive analysis and process system）平台上的地基G%This study established local computing model of remote sensing water vapor by using ground-based GPS（global positioning system） in the region of Sichuan-Chongqing,and developed computing software packages of GPS remote sensing water vapor.Then the experiment and operational application of remote sensing water vapor by using ground-based GPS in this local network was done,by which the high time resolution GPS precipitable water vapor（PWV） sequence of 30 min intervals was derived.This paper also gives the assessment of the retrieval accuracy,as well as the feasibility of meteorological operations application of GPS water vapor products.The major results of this study include developing the operations application system of remote sensing atmospheric water vapor by using ground-based GPS,which can be build on the MICAPS（meteorological information comprehensive analysis and process system） as an operational application system,and realizing the real-time transmission,data solution,deriving of PWV by a local ground-based GPS network and visualization of GPS water vapor products.This meteorological operations system played a unique role in the heavy rain,blizzard and other severe weather forecast in its trial-run.Systematical study of the temporal variation,horizontal distribution of GPS-PWV was done by our research group.Furthermore,the relationship between PWV derived by GPS among surface air temperature,pressure,specific humidity,solar radiation,precipitation and other surface meteorological elements was also analyzed.The relationship of PWV derived by GPS among local circulation,water vapor cycle and topography.The evolution characteristics of GPS water vapor products in some kinds of typical severe weather（for example Southwest China heavy rain,sustained rain,freezing rain,snow and heavy fog） and rain stimulations by artificial means were studied.In addition,the study also revealed application methods of remote sensing technology of atmospheric water vapor by using GPS and its products in weather forecast operations,carried out composite analysis of diurnal cycle of GPS-PWV,and studied the applications of GPS-PWV in North China heavy rain,Southwest China heavy rain,West China autumn rain,Sichuan Basin nocturnal rain and so on.The comparative analyses of GPS-PWV between the detail rain processes with different clouds and different weather systems were also given.For example,comparisons of the precipitable water vapor derived from ground-based GPS in different types of precipitation show that an abrupt increase of GPS-PWV before 5—10 h of the summer rainstorm may well indicate the subsequent heavy rainfall.GPS-PWV continuous increasing or decreasing substantially and above average suggests the beginning or the end of the rainfall in autumn continuous rain.The different features of diurnal variation of precipitable water vapor in different types of precipitation can reflect timely the changes of local water vapor.As a strong signal in water vapor transport,the consecutive observation data of precipitable water vapor would be instructive for the forecasting of actual rainfall.
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