贵州磷肥施用对耕地土壤重金属铅的影响

摘要

With the development of industry and aggravating environmental pollution,much attention has been paid to lead pollution. Soil polluted by lead affects yield and quality of crops directly,and endangers human health through the food chain indirectly.In this pa-per,research status of soil heavy metal Pb in Guizhou was summarized comprehensively,phosphate fertilizer application in recent ten years and its effects to arable soil heavy metal lead in Guizhou province was analyzed.Results indicated that phosphate fertilizer applica-tion in whole province has shown an upward trend and lead in arable soil has been clean,but local pollution has existed actually,lead content in arable soil has been increased by phosphate fertilizer,though low contribution rate will not drive arable soil heavy metal lead to pollution level in the short term,application of phosphate fertilizer can change the values of soil pH,thereby affecting the bio -availa-bility of soil lead,increased pH can reduce the bio -availability of lead,non -residual Pb content has been reduced by phosphate fertil-izer application.This study can provide a basis for further study on the impact of phosphorus fertilizer application on the heavy metal lead in arable soil and lead pollution's prevention and control.%伴随工业发展和环境污染加剧，铅污染也越来越受关注。铅污染的土壤会直接影响农作物的产量和质量，而且可以通过食物链进入人体危害人类健康。文章较为全面的总结了贵州土壤重金属铅的研究现状，分析了贵州省近十年来磷肥施用及其对耕地土壤重金属铅的影响。结果表明：全省磷肥施用量整体呈上升趋势，耕地土壤铅属于清洁状态，但是局部的污染是存在的；磷肥的施用会增加耕地土壤铅含量，但是低贡献率不会使耕地土壤重金属铅短期内达到污染水平；磷肥的施用改变耕地土壤 pH 值，进而影响耕地土壤铅的生物有效性，pH 值升高，铅的生物有效性降低；磷肥的施用还会降低非残渣态铅含量。研究可为深入探讨磷肥施用对耕地土壤重金属铅的影响和污染防治提供依据。