西藏“一江两河”农业生态流域发展高原现代农业问题

摘要

西藏自治区地处中国的西南边陲，作为特殊环境的地区具有高海拔、低气温、资源丰富多样等自然属性与特点，别具特色农业现代化的发展具有自身的发展属性与特征。西藏农业发展区域主要集中在“一江两河”流域，本文就主要结合高原现代化农业的发展，从环境经济学的角度阐述高原现代化农业发展的内涵及其特征，在观察法的基础上理论联系实际、结合文献研究法针对问题进行描述性研究，找出该农业流域开发20余年发展高原现代化农业当中存在的具体问题，例如：西藏农业发展存在资源利用率低与分布不平衡、农业机械化呈现梯度发展、生产力与农业推广力度落后、创新力度与科普知识严重不足以及农业污染的扩张和环保意识的低下等一系列问题，针对上述存在的问题提出集中发展地方优势特色的农业、充分有效结合的合作经济组织、理论结合实际的培训推广模式、建立观光旅游生态的农业产业体系等方面的对策与建议，为今后发展高原现代农业提供理论建议，仅供学术界参考。%Tibet autonomous region is located in the southwest of China,as a special area with high altitude and low temperatures,abundant resources and diverse natural attributes and characteristics,has the attributes and characteristics of the development of their own unique char-acteristics of the development of agricultural modernization.Agricultural development area of Ti-bet mainly concentrated in the"Three Rivers" basin,this paper mainly with the development of modern agriculture on the plateau,the connotation and the characteristics of the development of modern agriculture plateau from the angle of the environment economics,based on the observa-tion on the method of linking theory with practice,combined with literature research method of descriptive study to solve the problem,find out the specific problems in the agricultural water-shed the development of more than 20 years of development of modern agriculture in the plateau, For example:the development of agriculture in Tibet has a series of problems of low utilization rate of resources and unbalanced distribution,agricultural mechanization,agricultural productivi-ty has developed and backward,efforts to promote innovation and science knowledge and serious lack of agricultural pollution and the environmental awareness of the low expansion,In view of the above problems puts forward to focus on the development of local agriculture,the advantage and the characteristics of effective combination of cooperative economic organization,the combi-nation of theory and practice of establishing the training mode of tourism promotion,aspects of ecological agriculture system and other countermeasures and suggestions,and provide theoretical suggestions for the future development of the plateau of modern agriculture,for academic refer-ence.