民事责任能力的基本理论及立法完善

摘要

民事责任能力是与民事权利能力、民事行为能力相并列的一种独立的民法上的能力。民事责任能力有广义和狭义之分,广义上的民事责任能力包括违约责任能力、侵权责任能力和缔约过失责任能力,狭义上的民事责任能力仅指侵权责任能力。侵权责任能力以识别能力为一般判断标准,以财产状况为例外标准,但是要对财产标准的适用设定严格的条件限制,具有责任能力的未成年人造成他人损害的,应与监护人一起承担连带责任。%Civil liability is an independent ability of civil law that is parallel with the capacity for civil rights and civil conduct.Civil liability has broad and narrow sense.The capacity of civil liability in the broad sense includes the capacity of breach of contract,tort capabilities and the fault liability ability;in the narrow sense it refers only to tort liability capacity.Taking ability to identify as a general criterion,taking property status as an exception to the standard,the capacity of tort liability set a strict standard condition in the application of the property standard.Minors with the liability who causes damage to others should undertake joint liability with the guardian.