Synthetic fibers was studied and developed in about World War II. With the oil industry expanding, the real industrialization of synthetic fibers began in the 1950s'. One of the fastest growing synthetic fibers is the polyester fiber. The world output reached 36 413 000 t in 2010, accounting for 84.7% of total synthetic fibers. Nowadays the new polyester fibers such as PTT, PLA, aramid fiber and polysulfonamide fiber with high performance are developing, whose production is rising gradually. These new fibers are all dyed with disperse dyes. The difference is PTT fibers can be dyed with traditional disperse dyes applied in PET fibers, aramid fibers and polysulfonamide fibers must be dyed with carrier in the presence of special additive. The carrier is required to be non-toxic, tasteless, easy washing, high color value and does not affect the color fastness. PLA is fatty polyester and different from PET and PTT aromatic polyester. Due to the large difference in molecular structure, the dielectric constant, polarity and dye forces of different polyester fibers are different, which brings about the differences in levelness, hue and color fastness. The solubility parameters or inorganic values/organic values were applied in selecting or designing the special molecular structure of disperse dye from the traditional disperse dyes.%合成纤维于二战前后开始研究和开发,随着石油工业的壮大,真正的工业化始于20世纪50年代,其中发展最快的当推聚酯纤维,2010年世界产量已达3 641.3万t,占合纤总量的84.7％.如今发展的是新聚酯纤维(如PTT、PLA纤维)和芳纶、芳砜纶高性能纤维,产量正逐步上升.这些新纤维都用分散染料染色,所不同的是PTT纤维可用PET纤维适用的传统分散染料,芳纶和芳砜纶则需使用特殊添加剂存在下的载体染色,要求载体无毒、无味、易洗除、给色量高、不影响色牢度.而PLA是脂肪类聚酯,与PET、PTT芳香族聚酯性能有所不同,由于分子结构相差大,存在介电常数,极性与染料作用力有所不同,造成匀染性、色相、色牢度存在差异.采用溶解度参数或无机性值/有机性值,从传统分散染料中筛选或设计PLA专用分散染料的分子结构.
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