以恶性杂草凤眼莲茎叶为原料,通过单因素法,探讨超声波提取天然染料的影响因素,如溶剂、提取时间、提取温度及超声功率；将所提天然染料用于锦纶无媒染色,考察染色时间、染色温度、染浴pH及染料用量对染色性能的影响。结果表明：采用无水乙醇作为提取溶剂,物料比1 g/15 mL,超声功率80 W,35℃下提取90 min并重复3次,染料提取率可达4%；所提染料在98℃,浴比1∶30, pH=3,染料用量2%(omf)的条件下,对锦纶无媒染色40 min,可得K/S值约15的染色品,其耐摩擦及耐皂洗色牢度均在4级或以上。%The impacting factors on ultrasonic extraction of natural dyes, such as solvent, extraction time, extraction temperature and ultrasonic power were discussed by means of single factor test method using the stems and leaves of worst weed species water hyacinth as raw material. Subsequently, nylon was dyed by the extracted dyes without mordant. The influencing factors on dyeing were studied in details, including dye-ing time, temperature, pH and dye dosage. It was found that the extraction efficiency of natural dyes could reach 4% under the conditions as fol ows: absolute ethyl alcohol as extracted solvent, material ratio 1 g/15 mL, ultrasonic power 80 W, extraction temperature 35 ℃, extraction time 90 min and three times of extrac-tion. According the fol owing optimum mordant-free dyeing conditions: dye dosage 2%(omf), dyeing tempera-ture 98 ℃, bath ratio 1∶30, pH=3, dyeing time 40 min, the K/S value of dyed samples was about 15. In addi-tion, the rubbing fastness and washing fastness of the dyed samples were grade 4 or even higher.
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