土地利用空间分异对生态健康的影响研究--以佛山市高明区为例

摘要

Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LUCC) is chang-ing, The change is bound to have a negative impact on the eco-logical health. Through the analysis of diversification degree of land use structure, land use dynamic index and the land use information entropy/ equilibrium degree/ fragmentation degree, an ecosystem health evaluation system which makes a difference analysis on regional ecological health from three aspects: ecosys-tem service function, ecological carrying capacity and ecological risk based on the land use spatial differentiation was put forward. The research shows that: since 2006, great changes which are overall about the trend of sustained growth of construction land and sharp decrease of grassland of Gaoming District land use have taken place; Gaoming District has kinds of land class, rela-tively reasonable structure and sufficient city developing power, Not comprehensive and balanced ecological functions of land and poor connectivity in Gaoming District is not conducive to the healthy development of the ecological system. Trees and waters whose contribution to Gaoming District ecosystem service value were 57.78% and 36.64% respectively are primary and obvious characteristic ecological factors in Gaoming District; According to the order of ecological carrying capacity level which is divided in township, Gaoming District's towns are Genghe Town, Yanghe Town, Mingcheng Town and Hecheng Street; Gaoming District's ecological risk exists obvious spatial differentiation. The various parameters of the combined analysis of spatial differentiation of land use effects on the ecosystem health, can be more effective to predict the trend of land use, provide the data basis for research and planning of ecological health.%土地利用和覆盖不断的变化，必然对生态健康造成一定的影响。通过对高明区土地利用多样化程度、动态度、信息熵、均衡度、破碎度的分析，提出了基于土地利用空间分异的生态健康评价体系，从生态系统服务功能、生态承载力、生态风险对生态健康情况作差异分析。研究表明：高明区2007年以来，建设用地持续增长，园地、草地急剧减少，地类丰富，结构相对合理，城市发展后劲较足；生态用地职能不够全面均衡，连通性较差，不利于生态系统的健康发展；林地和水域对生态系统服务价值的贡献比例分别为57.78%和36.64%；生态承载力从高到低分别为更合镇、杨和镇、明城镇、荷城街道；生态风险存在明显的空间差异。将多种参数结合起来分析土地利用空间分异对生态健康的影响，能够更有效地预测土地利用的发展趋势，为生态健康的研究和规划提供数据基础。