多数油田开发已经进入高含水期.原油的高含水率增加了存储、输送和炼制过程中设备的负荷,也容易引起设备及管道的结垢和腐蚀,因此在原油外输前必须进行破乳处理,降低含水率,以达到外输要求.本文对复杂原油破乳过程中涉及的方法进行了分类,分别对化学破乳法、物理破乳法、生物破乳法的机理及发展现状进行了综述,对比了各种方法的优缺点,展望了发展方向.%Most oilfield had entered the high water content period, and the high rate of water in crude oil increased the load in storage, transportation equipment and the process of refining. It also easily led to fouling and corrosion of equipment and pipelines, so the crude oil demulsification process must be carried out to reduce the water content, in order to match the transportation requirements. In this paper, the methods involved in the demulsification process of complex crude oil were classified. The mechanism and development status of chemical demulsification, physical demulsification and biological demulsification were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods were compared, and the development trend was prospected.
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