江西信丰细迳坑自然保护区观光木群落研究

摘要

The Tsoongiodendron odorum community from Xijingkeng Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province, was studied by the methods of quadrate investigation and community ecology. The results showed that:(1) there were 146 species of vascular plants, belonging to 66 families and 106 genera. Among them, 14 species of pteridophytes belonged to 10 genera in 9 families, and 132 species of seed plants belonged to 96 genera in 57 families. The geographical element analysis revealed that tropical elements took dominant positions. (2) Although evergreen plants were dominant, the physiognomy of the community had seasonal changes because of distribuiton of some deciduous species. The tree layer of the community could be divided into three sublayers. The dominant species in the tree layer were T. odorum, Machilus chinensis, Choerospondias axillaris and Neolitsea cambodiana; in the shrub layer, Cryptocarya chingii, Eurya loquaiana and Neolitsea chuii were dominant species. (3) The frequency grade of the community was A> B > C > D > E. The age structure analysis of dominant populations showed that the community was situated at the subclimax stage. (4) The biodiversity analysis showed that the diversity index including Simpson index and Shannon-wiener index arranged as shrub layer>tree layer>herb layer, and Pielou index arranged as tree layer>herb layer>shrub layer.%以江西省信丰县细迳坑自然保护区观光木Tsoongiodendron odorum群落为对象，开展样方调查和群落生态学分析。结果表明：(1)群落的种类组成包括维管植物146种，隶属于66科106属。其中，蕨类植物9科10属14种，种子植物57科96属132种。种子植物属的地理成分以热带分布占较大优势(77.66%)。(2)该区域的地带性植被以常绿阔叶林为主，有少部分落叶树种，使得群落秋冬季有一定的季相变化。群落垂直结构包括乔木3亚层及灌木层和草本层；乔木层以观光木、华润楠Machilus chinensis、南酸枣Choerospondias axillaris、锈叶新木姜子 Neolitsea cambodiana 为主要优势种，灌木层以硬壳桂 Cryptocarya chingii、细枝柃 Eurya loquaiana、鸭公树Neolitsea chuii为主要优势种。(3)群落各频度级分布规律为A级＞B级＞C级＞D级＞E级，从优势种群年龄结构分析看，该群落在演替上处于亚顶级状态。(4)群落的物种多样性 Simpson 指数和Shannon-wiener指数表现为：草本层＞乔木层＞灌木层；Pielou指数则表现为：乔木层＞灌木层＞草本层。观光木群落是该地区最重要的植被特征种和生境指示种。