在博弈论中，人们对扩展式博弈的信息集有着不同的解释，而对不同解释的混用可能会引起矛盾。我们认为这一问题源于对扩展式博弈的两种解释——博弈规则和博弈过程——的混淆。本文通过给出一种动态认知的逻辑框架来试图区分和联系博弈规则和博弈过程。我们运用这种理论框架从博弈规则和对参与者的假定一步一步地生成博弈过程。我们给出了一个完全的模态逻辑来描述参与者的知识及其在博弈过程中的变化。本文还证明，在特定情况下博弈规则和过程具有某种结构相似性，使得对二者的混用并不会产生混乱或矛盾。%In the literature of game theory, the information sets of extensive-form games have different interpretations, which may lead to confusions and paradoxical cases. We argue that the problem lies in the mix-up of two interpretations of the extensive-form game structures: game rules or game runs which do not always coincide. In this paper, we try to separate and connect these two views by proposing a dynamic epistemic framework in which we can compute the runs step by step from the game rules plus the given assumptions of the players. We propose a modal logic to describe players’ knowledge and its change during the plays, and provide a complete axiomatization. We also show that, under certain conditions, the mix-up of the rules and the runs is not harmful due to the structural similarity of the two.
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