非物质文化遗产与抹除：对文化保护与当代博物馆实践的再思考

摘要

This article builds on recent discussions on intangible heritage following the adoption of the relevant convention by UNESCO in 2003 .The emergence of intangible heritage in the international her-itage scene is tied up with fears of cultural homogenization and the need to protect the world ’s diversity . For a number of critics ,however ,UNESCO’s normative framework raises questions around the institu-tionalization of culture as a set of endangered and disappearing ways of life .The article reviews these in-stitutional approaches to cultural preservation in relation to the politics of erasure ,the creative interplay of heritage destruction and renewal .This is then further examined against the backdrop of indigenous identi-ty politics played out in two contested public arenas :the National Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Ton-garewa in Wellington and the Quai Branly Museum in Paris .%非物质文化遗产这一概念在国际遗产保护界的提出，正与文化同质化的担忧以及保护世界多样性的需求相关。联合国教科文组织制定的规范性框架是否会导致文化被当作一套濒临消亡的生活方式而体制化，正是许多批评者提出的疑问。本文联系遗产抹除机制和遗产毁坏与恢复之间的创造性交互作用，回顾了体制化的文化保护办法，再以两个迥异的公共空间即新西兰国家博物馆（蒂帕帕博物馆）与巴黎的凯布朗利博物馆中的原住民身份政治为背景，对这些办法进行了检视。