青藏高原作为地球的第三极,是“水—冰—气—生”多圈层体现最全,且相互作用最强烈的地区.高原强大的动力和热力作用显著地影响着东亚气候格局、亚洲季风进程和北半球大气环流.全球气候变化不仅影响到青藏高原本身的水圈与冰冻圈过程,改变青藏高原内部的生态系统与环境,影响该地区社会经济发展与人民生存条件,而且通过大气环流与水循环过程直接影响到东亚及周边国家的用水安全和自然灾害防护.正确认识青藏高原复杂地表多圈层相互作用规律的一条有效途径是在各种不同的下垫面上建立多圈层相互作用综合观测站(点).在中国科学院和国家相关部门的支持下,过去的7年中,中国科学院青藏高原研究所与其他相关单位一道正在整个青藏高原面上逐步建立“青藏高原观测研究平台”以研究该地区复杂地表的多圈层相互作用规律.首先具体介绍中国科学院青藏高原研究所在高原上已经建立的5个综合观测研究站,然后介绍利用各个站点观测资料分析得到的多圈层相互作用(主要是地气相互作用)的研究结果,最后提出了青藏高原多圈层相互作用观测试验研究所面临的难题和可能的解决办法.%The Tibetan Plateau, with the most prominent and complicated terrain on the globe and an elevation of more than 4 000 m on average above sea level, is often called the "Third Pole". Due to its topographic character, the plateau surface absorbs a large amount of solar radiation energy (much of which is redistributed by cryospheric processes) , and undergoes dramatic seasonal changes of surface heat and water fluxes. Like the Arctic and Antarctica, the Tibetan Plateau area is one of the most sensitive areas responding to global climate change due to its high altitude and the presence of permafrost and glaciers, which are most sensitive to global warming. The effective way to understand water-ice-air-ecosystem interactions over heterogeneous landscape of the Tibetan Plateau is to establish the comprehensive research stations over the different land surfaces of the Tibetan Plateau. With support from various agencies in the People' s Republic of China, the Tibetan Observation and Research Platform (TORP) is now implementing. Firstly, 5 comprehensive observation and research stations established by the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, are introduced. Then the preliminary observational results are shown in the paper. Finally, the difficulty in observation and study of water-ice-air-ecosystem interactions of the Tibetan Plateau and the possible solutions are presented.
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