智能高分子开关膜的制备方法研究进展

摘要

Smart polymeric gating membranes are composed of smart polymers and non-stimuli-responsive substrate membrane. The smart membranes can automatically change the hy-drophilicity/hydrophobicity on the surface as well as trans-membrane permeability and selectivi-ty in response to the environmental stimuli,which is attributable to the stimuli-responsive varia-tion of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and configuration of the smart polymers in the membrane. Smart polymeric gating membranes are used for anti-fouling filtration,affinity separation,“on/off”control of enzyme reaction and controlled release,etc. The way to prepare such mem-branes affects the important parameters of smart polymeric gating membranes ,such as the stimuli-responsive characteristics,stability and reproducibility. There are three kinds of prepara-tion methods to fabricate the smart polymeric gating membranes according to when the smart polymers are added into the membrane materials. They are the methods introducing smart poly-mers by the modification of substrate membranes materials after membrane preparation,by the modification of substrate membrane materials before membrane preparation and by blending smart polymers during the membrane preparation. The definitions,subcategory,mechanisms and new advances of these preparation methods are introduced separately,and their advantages and disadvantages are addressed. The method that introduces smart polymers by the modifica-tion of substrate membranes materials after membrane preparation is the most widely employed to form the smart polymeric gating membranes. However,the method that blends smart poly-mers during the membrane preparation has great potentials to the mass production of smart poly-meric gating membranes in the future. This paper will provide valuable guidance for the effi-cient preparation of smart polymeric gating membranes with stable and satisfactory stimuli-responsive characteristics.%智能高分子开关膜是将智能高分子与非刺激响应型基材膜结合而成。由于智能高分子能够响应外界刺激发生亲疏水性转变和构象变化，智能高分子开关膜也能根据外部刺激改变自身的表面/界面特性、渗透通量或选择透过性。智能高分子膜被用作抗污染滤膜、亲和分离、酶反应的起/停控制以及控制释放等。智能高分子开关膜的制备方法直接影响其环境刺激响应特性、稳定性和可重复制备性等。因此，系统介绍了基材膜修饰法、基材修饰成膜法和共混成膜法等3种智能高分子开关膜制备方法的定义、分类、机理和研究进展，并对比了3种方法的优缺点。基材膜修饰法研究最多，而共混成膜法最有望用于大规模制备智能高分子膜。本文以期为高效制备具有稳定、优良响应特性的智能高分子开关膜提供指导和参考。