“华光礁Ⅰ号”沉船出水瓷器“保护性损伤”量化评估的 ICP-AES 分析

摘要

ICP-AES was used to determine the elemental composition of solutions in different conservation steps for understand-ing the impact of cleaning agents on ceramics from HuaguangjiaoⅠshipwreck.The results showed that high content in solution of Al,Fe,Mg ions,which can be indexes to reflect the damage in conservation of ceramics.According to these indexes,we dis-covered that agents of strong cleaning ability bring more damage to ceramic samples.Meanwhile,the state of preservation of the ceramics was closely related to the damage in conservation.Ceramics in an excellent state of preservation endure less damage than that in bad state.We also found that each cleaning agent cause certain degree of damage on porcelains,even neutral rea-gent,like deionized water.Moreover,moderate cleaning reagent,when using a long time,bring the same degree of damage as the strong acid.Therefore,in actual protection procedure,for conservation ceramics safe and effective,damage of each cleaning agents and cumulative damage should be considered.%目前，文物保护工作者已普遍认识到保护过程会对文物带来一定影响，产生“保护性损伤”。然而，关于“保护性损伤”的量化研究仍罕见报道。为探讨常用清洗试剂对“华光礁Ⅰ号”沉船出水瓷器的保护性损伤，本文利用 ICP-AES 测试了各步骤浸泡实验溶出液中的元素组成，发现浸泡液中 Al，Fe，Mg 三种元素的含量较高，且具有一定规律。利用这三种元素作为指标，对出水瓷器的保护性损伤进行了量化评估。研究结果表明，清洗能力强的试剂，对陶瓷本体的损伤也较大；保存较好的器物，所受“保护性损伤”更小；每种清洗剂都会对瓷器造成一定程度的损坏，连中性试剂（如 H2 O）同样可以溶解出一定量胎体组分；而普遍认为的较为温和的清洗试剂在长时间浸泡陶瓷器时，对瓷器本体的损伤已非常接近强酸短时间浸泡的影响。故在此特别强调，在实际的文物保护过程中，应切实认识到各种清洗剂对陶瓷本体产生的损害，并同时考虑累积损伤。如此，方能安全有效的保护海洋出水瓷器。