油页岩作为非常规能源的一种,已经成为常规能源的有效补充,对其开发方法及其与环境的关系应引起足够重视.在对大量参考资料进行综合分析的基础上,重点论述了油页岩开发的原位处理、地表处理、混合处理3种关键技术,以及新型应用项目、效能前景及其与温室气体排放的关系.原位处理类技术核心在于如何在地下进行油页岩的热裂解,有比地表处理类更好的温室气体捕集条件.地表处理类包括直接燃烧发电和干馏产生页岩油气2种方式,干馏炉废气含量复杂,处理难度大,对环境影响程度高,而循环流化床燃烧发电工艺目前来说是最适合于油页岩的处理方法,对环境影响小,能较好的捕获生成的有毒和温室气体.混合处理类集原位和地表处理的优点,易于温室气体的捕集处理,但技术尚不成熟,短期内难于工业化应用.%As an unconventional energy resource, oil shale has become an efficient supplement and sufficient attention should be paid to its development methods and relationship of the environment. On the basis of comprehensive analysis on a large number of reference materials, this paper illustrates the keys to the three technologies of oil shale development, I. E. In situ treatments, surface treatments and hybrid treatments as well as their application projects, efficiency prospects and its relationship with greenhouse gas e-missions. The key to in situ treatments depends on how oil shale is thermally cracked underground, which enjoys better conditions for the capture of greenhouse gases compared with surface treatments. Surface treatments include combustion for power generation and retorting for oil shale fuel generation. Exhaust gases from retorting are difficult to be treated due to their complicated components , resulting in a relatively higher degree of pollution. Circulating fluidized bed combustion for power generation is the most suitable technique for oil shale treatment with less impact on the environment and better capture of the toxic and greenhouse gases generated from the process. Hybrid treatments enjoy both the advantages of in situ treatments and surface treatments, which can easily capture the greenhouse gases, but the technology is not mature yet and difficult to be industrialized in the short term.
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