在地震资料解释中,储层中小断裂、裂缝以及砂体的边界识别是一个难题.储层断裂的级别决定油气运移通道及储层产能,裂缝及砂体的边界在油气勘探与开发中有重要意义.由于砂体边界的响应以及不同级别断层和裂缝的响应具有多级尺度,其识别和成像在地震资料中用常规方法难以实现.针对这一问题,运用边缘检测技术对这些特定边缘进行识别.该方法为储层提供不同尺度的观测与成像,将信息科学中成熟的方法应用到地震数据处理中,并为地震资料解释与储层的描述提供新的手段.在文献调研的基础上,较系统地总结了边缘检测技术在石油勘探领域中的应用方法及实现流程,介绍了边缘检测在地震储层预测中的应用实例.通过实例分析,认为做好边缘检测必须做好滤波处理以及保边界处理,然后根据实际区块选择合适的边缘检测方法、滤波方法以及保边界处理算法进行边缘检测研究,最后结合区块的实际钻测井资料及地球物理资料进行信息融合,最终对储层进行综合分析.%Identification of small faults, fractures and sand boundary is a problem in seismic data interpretation. The level of reservoir fractures decides hydrocarbon migration path and reservoir productivity. Fractures and sand boundaries are of important significance in hydrocarbon exploration and development. The seismic responses of sand boundaries and various faults and fractures present in multi - scale and are difficult to identify and image with conventional methods, therefore the technology of edge detection has been applied. This method provides multi - scale reservoir observations and images, applies mature method of information science to seismic data processing, and provides a new means of seismic data interpretation and reservoir description. Based on literature investigation , this paper systematically generalizes the application and realization process of edge detection technology in petroleum exploration , and presents case application in seismic reservoir prediction. Case analysis indicates that appropriate methods of edge detection , filtering and edge - preserving processing shall be selected for individual block, and the information of drilling and logging data as well as geophysical prospecting data shall be integrated to conduct comprehensive reservoir analysis.
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