星载激光测距仪全波形测距技术

摘要

Owing to its broad band, high sensitivity and high fidelity detection, as well as laser emission and echo signal recording, fully-digital process and sub-wave analysis, deep analysis of information in time field, range field and frequency field, acquisition of high precision range and target distribution characteristics, laser full-waveform ranging is an important solution to enhance the precision, capability and space rectification accuracy of spaceborne altimeter. Laser full-waveform ranging is composed of three processes: acquisition, recording and processing. In this paper, we comb the technical difficulties of full-waveform ranging. We realize the undistortion recording, slowdown management, cache and processing algorithm of laser echo waveform by serial-to-parallel conversion and Gaussian decomposition. In addition, emulation and demonstration are made.%激光全波形测距以宽带高灵敏探测技术高保真获取、记录激光探测主回波信号，进行全数字处理和子波分析，解析其时域、空域、频域信息，获取高精度距离、目标分布特征，是提高星载测距仪测距精度、能力、空间配准精度的重要手段。文章对比分析了全波形和阈值法2种激光测距的原理，总结全波形测距的优势，梳理了其技术难点，重点对全波形回波数据处理进行了研究，给出了数据处理算法，实现了复杂多峰回波波形的高斯分解，得到光斑区域内目标相对高程分布，仿真验证了算法的可行性，通过计算不同信噪比下的高程解算误差，得到了误差随信噪比的变化趋势。