Shields of high strength fiber materials are often developed to protect spacecraft against space debris impact. The damage analysis of a projectile's hypervelocity impact on the target plate woven by high strength fiber materials is a key issue in the design of the space debris shielding. Basalt fiber is one of the high strength and high modulus materials that has attracted much attention in recent years. The damage caused by aluminum projectile impacting on basalt fiber weave at hypervelocity is studied. The damage zones on the front surface of the projectiles were observed. The threshold fragmentation velocity of the aluminum projectile can be calculated from hypervelocity impact data. It shows that the threshold fragmentation velocity of the aluminum projectiles impacting on the basalt fiber weave is lower than that on aluminum plates, and the ability of the basalt fiber weave to break the aluminum projectiles is better than that of aluminum plates.%高强度、高模量纤维防护材料是航天器空间碎片超高速撞击防护结构材料的发展趋势之一.开展弹丸超高速撞击高强纤维材料时的损伤分析是空间碎片防护结构研究开发设计的重要环节.玄武岩纤维是近年来受到人们关注的一种高强度、高模量纤维.文章对铝合金弹丸超高速撞击玄武岩纤维布的损伤特性进行了分析研究,观察到了弹丸前部的损伤形态.根据试验结果拟合得到了铝合金弹丸后部产生初始破坏的临界破碎速度方程.分析表明:在试验范围内,铝合金弹丸撞击玄武岩纤维布的临界破碎速度低于撞击铝合金板的,即玄武岩纤维布对铝合金弹丸的破碎能力优于铝合金板.
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