航天阀门运动副卡滞故障分析及对策

摘要

Sticking and jamming of the kinematic valve pair is one of the most common failure modes for liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen rocket engine valves. Therefore, the prevention of sticking and jamming is one of the most important issues in the reliability design of valves. As the sticking and jamming usually occurs after a certain period of a valve's operation, usually it will not be discovered before its subsequent failure. Therefore, the sticking and jamming becomes a major threat to the valve reliability, especially, in low temperature conditions. This paper reviews the valve sticking and jamming cases both at home and abroad, the failure mechanism, the reliability design criterion, and the precautionary measures in practical cases, to serves as a reference for designers of spacecraft motors and low-temperature valves.%阀门运动副的卡滞卡死现象是超低温液氢液氧火箭发动机阀门的常见故障,防止卡滞卡死是阀门可靠性设计的重要内容之一,因为卡滞卡死往往是在阀门动作若干次以后才发生的,不易被人们所发现,因而构成阀门可靠性设计的最大威胁.特别是在低温环境试验中,阀门更容易发生卡滞卡死故障.文章叙述了国内外有关低温阀门卡滞卡死故障的统计数据、故障机理、可靠性设计和防卡滞设计准则、防卡滞设计措施,并配合实际案例进行说明,可供航天发动机和航天器低温阀门设计人员参考.