干尖线虫感染水稻生产种现状及其源头分析

摘要

[Objective] Rice white tip disease caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi is a worldwide seed-born disease,and the current status and the sources of infestation of rice seeds by A.besseyi in China were investigated.[Method] Modified Baermann's funnel method was applied to isolate the nematode from 341 commercial seeds collected from 11 provinces or autonomous regions,i.e.,Guangdong,Guangxi,Guizhou,Yunnan,Sichuan,Hubei,Anhui,Jiangsu,Jilin,Xinjiang and Ningxia,40 male sterile lines for seed production and 168 seeds harvested from breeding lines in variety comparison and regional trials.[Result] The infestation incidence of commercial seeds was 21.11％ after immersing for 24 hours,among which the infestation incidence of indica rice seeds was 23.21％ and significantly higher than that of japonica seeds,i.e.11.48 ％ (P =0.0427).The number of detected nematodes in the positive japonica seeds was significantly higher than that of positive indica rice seeds (P =0.0201),and individual infested seeds with significantly higher number of nematodes were found both among indica and japonica commercial seeds.The infestation incidence of the seeds harvested from breeding lines in variety comparison and regional trials was 19.16 ％.The infestation incidence of male sterile lines for seed production was 17.5 ％ and the detected number of nematodes per 100 infested seeds varied from 0.33 to 2.67,which together with the results of the investigation of the panicles and seeds harvested from the fields of the infested maternal parent indicated the source of infestation of commercial F 1 seeds.[Conclusion] The results suggested that it would play an important role to control A.besseyi by disinfecting the seeds of the breeding lines.%[目的]水稻干尖线虫是我国和世界范围内重要的种传病害,为了解我国水稻干尖线虫生产种子带虫现状及其来源.[方法]以改良的贝尔曼漏斗法检测了来自广东、广西、贵州、云南、四川、湖北、安徽、江苏、新疆、宁夏、和吉林等省(区)种子市场的341份水稻生产种种子、40份杂交水稻制种母本,168份水稻品种比较和区域试验材料所携带的干尖线虫.[结果]发现生产种子24 h内干尖线虫检出阳性率为21.11％,其中籼稻阳性率为23.21％,显著高于粳稻11.48％的阳性率(P =0.0427);粳稻阳性样本百粒检出虫量显著高于籼稻阳性样品(P =0.0201),籼、粳稻中均有个别品种检获虫量显著高于其他品种(P＜0.05).品种比较和区试材料中19.16％的参试材料携带干尖线虫.杂交稻制种母本干尖线虫检出率为17.5％,病种百粒检出量在0.33～ 2.67头之间,染虫母本制种田跟踪调查结果表明,其F1代杂交种也携带干尖线虫.[结论]生产种携带的线虫很可能来自育种单位的原种,加强对制种基地亲本和育种部门原种的消毒处理,对预防水稻干尖线虫危害具有重要意义.