云南文山州古茶树资源调查和分析

摘要

[目的]调查分析文山州古茶树资源特征,为其有效保护及合理开发利用提供参考.[方法]采用实地调查、文献调研和走访等方法,对文山州境内的古茶树资源进行了系统调查.[结果]文山州古茶树资源物种丰富,表型多样;目前共发现古茶树资源分布点43个,记录到5种、2变种,古茶树资源储量8583株;古茶树平均树高6.89 m、平均基围1.35 m、平均分枝高度0.63 m、平均冠幅29.25 m2,4个树体性状变异系数平均为52.11％;古茶树总体长势良好,其生长势为旺盛、一般、较差、濒死和死亡植株分别占调查总数的64.86％、26.00％、6.57％、2.00％和0.57％;古茶树资源的综合利用程度低,一定程度上制约了古茶树资源的保护和开发利用.[结论]基本掌握了文山州古茶树资源,建立了初步的古茶树资源档案.在保护利用方面,提出了相应的对策与建议.为文山州古茶树资源的保护和利用提供了依据.%[Objective] Characteristics of ancient tea plant resources in Wenshan prefecture were studied to provide reference for protection and utilization of these ancient tea plant resources.[Method] In this paper,the ancient tea plant resources in Wenshan area were investigated by visiting,literature and field investigation.[Result]The ancient tea plant resources in Wenshan prefecture maintained rich genetic resources.According to the investigation and statistical analysis,43 spots and 8 583 ancient tea plants were found,about 5 species and 2 varieties of Sect.Thea were recorded in this area.The average tree height,base around,branch height and crown of ancient tea plant was 6.89 m,1.35 m,0.63 m and 29.25 m 2,respectively and its average variation coefficient was 52.11％.Among these ancient tea plants,64.86 ％ were growing well,26.00 ％ were growing generally,6.57 ％ were growing badly,and 2.00 ％ and 0.57 ％ were growing dying and deadly.In general,the comprehensive utilization of the ancient tea plant resources was low,which restricted the protection and utilization of the ancient tea plant resources.[Conclusion] The present situation of ancient tea plant resources were basically mastered,and the ancient tea plant resources archives was established,which would provide basis for the protection and utilization of ancient tea resources in Wenshan prefecture.