酒糟沼渣对辣椒产质量及土壤养分的影响

摘要

[目的]探明酒糟沼渣(酱香型白酒酒糟生产沼气的副产物)对辣椒产质量及土壤养分的影响,为沼渣的高效综合利用提供参考.[方法]以贵州黄壤为基础,通过田间小区随机区组试验,在氮磷钾肥常规施肥的基础上,设置对照(CK,不施沼渣)以及5个不同沼渣施用量等共6个处理,进行沼渣对辣椒产质量及土壤养分的影响试验.[结果]与对照相比,施用沼渣能增加辣椒株高、茎粗、叶长和叶宽,当沼渣施用量在11 250～30 000 kg/hm2时辣椒株高和茎粗增加显著(P＜0.05),施用量在15 000～ 30 000kg/hm2时叶长增加显著(P＜0.05),施用量在30 000 kg/hm2时叶宽增加显著(P＜0.05);施用沼渣能使辣椒产量增产8.43％～34.37％,当沼渣施用量为30 000 kg/hm2时辣椒产量增加显著(P＜0.05);增施沼渣能使大部分处理辣椒Vc和还原糖含量提高,部分处理辣椒硝酸盐含量降低,同时随着沼渣施用量增加辣椒N含量降低,辣椒P含量不变,辣椒K含量受影响但变化无规律.辣椒产量与株高、茎粗呈显著正相关,与辣椒N呈显著负相关;Vc与辣椒K、土壤全K呈显著正相关;硝酸盐与土壤全N、速效钾呈显著正相关;有机质与有效磷、碱解氮呈显著正相关.[结论]酒糟沼渣适量施用能增加辣椒产量,改善辣椒品质,在氮磷钾肥常规施用的基础上以酒糟沼渣施用量30 000 kg/hm2的效果最好.%[Objective] To provide a reference for efficient comprehensive utilization of biogas residue by studying the effects of vinasse biogas residue on yield and quality of pepper and soil nutrients [Method] The plot random block design was used to study the effects of CK (no applying vinasse biogas residue) and five treatments with applying different vinasse biogas residue amount on yield and quality of pepper and soil nutrients under the conventional fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.[Result] Applying vinasse biogas residue could increase height,stem girth,leaf length and leaf width of pepper compared with CK.The height and stem girth of pepper applied with 11 250 -30 000 kg/hm2 vinasse biogas residue were significantly higher than CK.The leaf length of pepper applied with 15 000-30 000 kg/hm2 vinasse biogas residue was significantly higher than CK.The leaf width of pepper applied with 30 000 kg/hm2 vinasse biogas residue was signiticantly higher than CK.The yield of pepper applying with different vinasse biogas residue amount increased by 8.43 ％-34.37 ％ compared with CK and the yield of pepper applying with 30 000 kg/hm2 vinasse biogas residue was significantly higher than CK.Applying vinasse biogas residue could increase Vc and reducing sugar content in pepper of most treatments and reduce nitrate content in pepper of some treatments.With increase of vinasse biogas residue application,N content in pepper reduces,P content in pepper was stable and K content in pepper changes irregularly.The pepper yield was.significantly and positively related to height and stem girth and significandy and negatively related to N content in pepper.There was a significantly positive correlation between Vc content in pepper and K content in pepper,K content in soil.Soil nitrate content was significantly and positively related to soil total N and rapid available K content.Soil organic matter content was significantly and positively related to available P and available N.[Conclusion] Applying appropriate amount of vinasse biogas residue can increase pepper yield and improve pepper quality and applying 30 000 kg/hm2 vinasse biogas residue under the conventional fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium has the optimal effects on yield and quality of pepper.