华北燕麦主栽品种生产性能评价与遗传多样性分析

摘要

[目的]华北地区燕麦播种面积占全国85％以上,分析本地区燕麦主栽品种的生产性能及其农艺性状的遗传多样性,对充分利用这些种质及制定下一步育种目标具有重要参考价值.[方法]本文对华北区20个燕麦主栽品种的生产性能进行评价.[结果]裸燕麦品种有3种熟期类型,缺乏极早熟、极晚熟熟期类型的品种.早熟型品种“坝莜6号”等,中熟型“坝莜1号”等,晚熟型“坝莜3号”等较好满足了当前不同生态类型区对高产品种的需求,“坝燕4号”皮燕麦品种较好的满足了当前畜牧业对优质粗饲草料的需求.燕麦17个质量性状的遗传多样性比较狭窄,旗叶硬度遗传多样性指数达到1.4388,其他性状较低,但抗病性较强,2年试验结果基本没有出现感病现象;7个数量性状中主穗粒数、千粒重等性状遗传多样性指数较高,株高性状变异系数较小.在欧式距离12.25时聚成4类:类群I可作为选育高秆、大穗燕麦的优良亲本,类群Ⅱ可作为多目标性状选育的优良亲本,类群Ⅲ可作为高杆饲草型品种的优良亲本,类群ⅣV可作为皮、裸燕麦种间杂交的优良亲本.7个数量性状的主成分分析表明:前4个主成分累计贡献百分率达到91.14％,第1个主成分反应产量,第2主成分反应粒数,第3主成分反应株高,第4主成分反应分蘖.[结论]当前燕麦主栽品种缺乏矮秆抗倒高产类型与高杆大叶抗倒饲用类型,在今后燕麦品种培育过程中要引进具有相关性状的资源材料.%[Objective] Oat planting area of North China region accounted for more than 85 ％ of the country,and the production performance and the genetic diversity of agronomic traits were analyzed to have an important reference value to make full use of the germplasm and the next breeding step.[Method] In this paper,the production performance of 20 oat varieties in Noah China were evaluated.[Result] there were 3 kinds of mature type of naked oat varieties,but lack of extremely early and extremely late maturing varieties.early maturing variety ‘ bayou 6’,middle type‘ bayou 1 ’ and late type ‘ ba you 3’ could better meet the current demand for high-yielding varieties in different ecological zones,and‘ Ba Yan 4’ as an oat varieties could meet the demand of high quality forage of current animal husbandry.Genetic diversity of 17 quality traits were relatively narrow,rigidity of flag leaf hereditary diversity index reached 1.4388,and other traits were low,which indicated the strong resistance of disease;7 quantitative traits had higher genetic diversity in Kernels of main panicle,1000-kernel weight,and lowest in plant height.In Euclidean distance 12.25 were clustered into 4 groups:group Ⅰ could be used as a good parent for breeding of high stalk,big spike oats,group Ⅱ could be used as excellent breeding multi-objective traits,groups Ⅲ could be used as a good parent high bar forage type varieties,groups ⅣV could be used as excellent parent in interspecific hybridization.The principal component analysis of 7 quantitative traits showed that the first 4 principal components cumulative contribution percentage reached 91.14 ％,the first principal components accounted for yield,the second component accounted for grain number,the third component accounted for plant height,and the fourth component accounted for tiller ability.[Conclusion] At present,the main varieties of oat were the lack of dwarf and lodging resistance and high yield and high level and large leaf and lodging resistance feeding type.In the process of oat breeding,the resources and materials with related characters should be introduced.