印度海洋战略的发展历程、现状特征与未来展望

摘要

印度具有构建海陆复合型强国的地缘特质,当前正面临从陆地向往海陆并重方向发展的战略转型,而美国"印太战略"的提出客观上加速了印度国家战略转型的进程.历史上印度海洋战略大体经历三个时期,其海洋战略的现状特征主要包括:坚持"印太战略"中的"印度洋"重心;强化在印度洋地区安全保障者的角色;深化双多边海上安全合作.未来印度海洋战略的实施机遇与挑战并存,国际体系结构层面缺少体系压力与地区层面缺乏强有力的竞争对手是其外部优势,而国内受制于陆地安全的现实和海军军费不足将继续成为其制约因素.%India is trying to transform itself from a land power to a sea-land power. New Delhi is at present trying to highlight the Indian Ocean focus in the Indo-Pacific strategy while enhancing its image as a security provider in Indian Ocean. India is working intensively to deepen bilateral and multilateral maritime security cooperation. The absence of both pressure in international system level and strong competitors in regional level constituted major advantages for India. However, the security challenge from land and the insufficient navy budget will be major roadblocks for India.