The input and transfer of external phosphorus in freshwater lakes is a major factor which affects the process of a lake eutrophication. Domestic and foreign scholars conducted a lot of researches on the nutrient subtances such as phosphorus and made many important progresses. However, the researches were more focused on the release and transformation of internal phosphorus but less on the input and transfer of external phosphorus. In this paper, we analyzed the progresses of exrernal phosphorus from its sources, morphological characteristics, migration and transformation, and the impact on the algae. The input, shape and migration of external phosphorus were clear now, the main research trend in the future should focuses on the interaction bwteen the infiucial factors which impact the morphology, migration and transformation and the quantitative relationship between various phosphorous forms and the growth of the algae.%淡水湖泊河口区P的输入与积累是影响湖泊富营养化过程的主要因素之一,国内外学者对湖泊中P等营养物质开展了大量研究工作,取得了许多重要进展.然而,对湖泊内源P的释放、转化等方面的研究相对较多,而对湖泊河口区P的输入、迁移的研究较少.本文简要分析了当前外源P的研究进展,从湖泊外源P的来源、形态特征、迁移转化和对藻类的影响4个方面综述了当前的研究工作.研究表明:对湖泊河口区P输入、形态、迁移特征的研究比较清楚,但对影响河口区P的形态、迁移转化等各种因子之间的交互作用,以及对河口区P各种形态与藻类的生长关系的定量研究,将是未来的主要研究方向.
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