辽西地区土壤耕层及养分状况调查分析

摘要

At present soil plough layers of the farmland are obviously shallow, solid and little in the Northeast region of China, which have become into the main limiting factors for the development of regional agriculture. This paper studied soil plough layers and soil nutrients in western Liaoning. The results showed that the thickness of the mean plough layer in western Liaoning was 15.17 cm, which was 1.33 cm shallower than that of nationwide plough layer. Soil bulks of the effective plough layers in Fuxin, Tieling, Chaoyang and Chifeng were 2.27×106, 1.97×106, 1.95×106 and ].79×l06kg/hm2 respectively, which were 16.5%, 27.6%, 28.3% and 34.2% lower than that of the normal effective plough layer (2.72×l06kg/hm2) respectively. The mean soil bulk densities in Fuxin, Tieling, Chaoyang and Chifeng were 1.32, 1.38, 1.33 and 1.33 g/cm3 respectively, all were higher than the suitable range (1.1-1.3 g/cm3) for crops normal growth. Meanwhile, soil nutrients in western Liaoning were low too. The general variation available phosphorus was maximum while that of pH was minimum.%目前,东北地区农田土壤耕层中明显存在的“浅、实、少”问题,已成为制约区域农业发展的主要限制因素.本文对辽西地区主要作物农田土壤耕层和养分状况进行了调查分析,结果表明:辽西地区的平均耕层为15.17 cm,比我国土壤平均耕层(16.5cm)低1.33 cm.阜新、铁岭、朝阳、赤峰的有效耕层土壤量分别为2.27×106、1.97×106、1.95×106、1.79×106 kg/hm2,均低于正常有效耕层土壤量(2.72×106 kg/hm2),分别低16.5％、27.6％、28.3％、34.2％.但阜新、铁岭、朝阳、赤峰的土壤体积质量平均值分别为1.32、1.38、1.33、1.33 g/cm3,均高于作物生长适宜的土壤体积质量范围(1.1～1.3 g/cm3).同时,辽西地区土壤养分状况也较为低下,其中速效P总变异趋势最大,pH值总变异趋势最小.