根据常熟市1960-2009年的气象资料及浅层土壤温度观测资料分析了太湖典型水稻种植区近50年来的气候变化特征及其对浅层土壤温度的影响,其中气候变化特征分析包括气候倾向率、气候突变和气候异常年份及年代际分析.结果表明近50年来研究区的气候变化特征明显:①研究区气温明显升高；气压、相对湿度、风速及累积日照时数降低；降水量和蒸发量年际间波动较为明显,且各季节的倾向率有正有负；②近50年来研究区有6个气象要素发生了气候突变,其中最为明显的是平均风速；③近50年来研究区各气象要素中出现异常年份最多的为平均相对湿度；异常年份出现次数其次的气象要素是累积蒸发量；异常现象出现最少的气象要素为平均风速；④随着土层深度的增加,平均地温对气候变化的响应逐渐减弱,各季节中平均地温对气候变化的响应在秋季最弱.平均地表温度、平均5cm地温、平均20 cm地温与平均气温及平均最高气温、最低气温均存在着显著的相关关系.%Based on the meteorological data and shallow soil temperatures in Changshu during 1960—2009, the characteristics of climate change and their influences on soil temperature in the typical paddy planting area of Tai lake region were investigated. The analysis of the characteristics of climate change concluded linear trend analysis, abrupt change and anomalous year and decadal analysis. The results were as follows: 1) the air temperature raised significantly, while air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and accumulative irradiation time reduced. The annual fluctuationes of precipitation and evaporation with positive or negative climatic trend rates in different seasons were intensively; 2) There were six meteorological elements with abrupt climate change in study area during 1960—2009, and abrupt climate change of average wind speed was the most obviously; 3) In the all meteorological elements, the climatic extreme year of mean relative humidity had the highest occurrence rate, while cumulative evaporation and average wind speed had the higher and lowest occurrence rate respectively; 4) With the increment of the depth of soil layer, the response to mean soil temperature from climate change became increasingly weak, while the response in autumn was the weakest. All the mean soil temperatures at 0 cm, 5 cm and 20 cm had significant correlations with the mean air temperature, mean maximum air temperature and mean minimum air temperature.
展开▼
