施用蚯蚓粪对陕南烤烟土壤和烟叶钾营养、农艺与经济性状的影响

摘要

To explore an efficient measure to ameliorate soil in tobacco field in southern Shaanxi province, a field experi-ment was conducted to investigate the effects of vermicompost on soil bulk density, potassium nutrition of soil and tobacco leaves as well as the agronomic traits and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco using Yunyan 99 as materials. The results showed that soil bulk density reduced, soil available potassium and potassium content of fresh and baked tobacco leaves at mature stage increased as well as the agronomic traits improved under the band and cave fertilization methods conditions with different dosages of vermicompost. In addition, yield and output value as well as the ratio of upper tobacco were increased significantly. The above results showed that the dosage of 1 500 kg/hm2 and cave fertilization method were the best. There-fore, vermicompostnot only effectively improved soil structure and potassium nutrition, but also improved the flue-cured to-bacco yield and economic benefits and providedthe optimum amount and fertilization methods for tobacco field of southern Shaanxi province.%以云烟99为材料，研究了蚯蚓粪施用量及其方式对烤烟土壤容重、土壤和烟叶钾营养以及农艺性状和经济性状的影响，目的在于寻求适合该地区土壤改良的有效途径，进一步提升烟叶产量和品质。结果表明，穴施和条施下，蚯蚓粪不同施用量均可降低土壤容重，不同程度提高了土壤速效钾含量、成熟期鲜烟叶和烘烤后烟叶钾含量，改善了农艺性状，增加了产量、产值以及中上等烟比例。以上效果以1500 kg/hm2和穴施方式( X2)最佳。因此，蚯蚓粪不仅能够有效改善土壤结构以及钾营养，而且提高了烤烟产量和经济效益，为陕南烟区通过施用蚯蚓粪改良土壤提供了最佳用量和施用方式。