为研究离子型稀土矿体中浸取剂溶液的非均匀渗透对浸取率和浸取深度的影响,在江西安远的离子型稀土矿山开展了亮蓝和硫酸铵混合溶液的注液坑入渗试验,亮蓝用于示踪溶液渗透过程,硫酸铵用于反映渗透过程的离子交换,获取矿体中溶液的非均匀渗透过程,运用形态学图像处理技术,计算染色剖面染色图像指数和多重分形谱谱宽,分析非均匀渗透过程对稀土离子浸取深度的影响.研究结果表明:江西安远离子型稀土矿体非均匀性参数变异系数属于中等变异性,浸取剂溶液在稀土矿体的渗透过程具有多重分形性质,相对于基质流深度、染色深度和染色面积比等剖面染色图像指数,多重分形谱谱宽与优先流比对非均匀渗透过程更灵敏;随优先流比增加,浸取率降低,浸取深度也减小.%In order to study the effect of heterogeneity of leaching solution on leaching rate and leaching depth in ionic rare earth ore body, an infiltration test was carried out in the ion-type rare-earth mine in Anyuan of Jiangxi with the mixed solution of brilliant blue and ammonium sulfate, in which brilliant blue was used for tracing the permeation process of leaching solution while ammonium sulfate used for reflecting the permeation process of ion exchange. The inhomogeneous permeation process of the solution in ore body was obtained, and morphological image processing technique was used to determine the parameters of dyeing images and the widths of multi-fractal spectra of the staining profiles. The effect of inhomogeneous permeation process on the leaching depth of rare earth ions was also analyzed. The results showed that the variation coefficient of inhomogeneous parameters were medium, leaching agent had multi-fractal properties in inhomogeneous permeation process. Multi-fractal spectrum width and preferential flow fraction were more sensitive to inhomogeneous permeation process compared with the depth of matrix flow, the dyeing image parameters, such as the dyeing depth and dyeing area ratio. With the increase of the preferential flow fraction, the leaching rate and the leaching depth decreased.
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